Breast Diseases

Breast diseases encompass a wide range of conditions that can affect the breast tissue. Here is an overview of various breast diseases:

Breast Cancer

• Risk Factors: Age, family history, genetic mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2), hormonal factors.
• Symptoms: Lump in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, nipple discharge, skin changes.
• Diagnosis: Mammography, ultrasound, biopsy.
• Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy.

Fibrocystic Breast Changes

• Characteristics: Noncancerous changes, lumpy or rope-like breast tissue.
• Symptoms: Breast pain, tenderness, cyst formation.
• Diagnosis: Clinical examination, imaging studies.
• Treatment: Pain management, supportive bras, sometimes hormone therapy.

Mastitis

• Cause: Inflammation usually caused by infection during breastfeeding.
• Symptoms: Breast pain, redness, swelling, fever.
• Diagnosis: Clinical examination, sometimes imaging.
• Treatment: Antibiotics, pain relievers, continued breastfeeding.

Fibroadenomas

• Characteristics: Noncancerous, firm, rubbery lumps.
• Symptoms: Often painless, well-defined masses.
• Diagnosis: Clinical examination, imaging, biopsy.
• Treatment: Monitoring, surgical removal if necessary.

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)

• Characteristics: Noninvasive cancer confined to the milk ducts.
• Symptoms: Often no symptoms, detected through screening.
• Diagnosis: Mammography, biopsy.
• Treatment: Surgical removal, sometimes radiation.

Breast Cysts

• Characteristics: Fluid-filled sacs.
• Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, may cause breast pain or tenderness.
• Diagnosis: Clinical examination, imaging, fine-needle aspiration.
• Treatment: Aspiration for symptomatic relief.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer

• Characteristics: Rare and aggressive form of breast cancer.
• Symptoms: Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, skin changes.
• Diagnosis: Biopsy, imaging studies.
• Treatment: Chemotherapy, surgery, radiation.

Benign Breast Tumors

• Types: Adenomas, lipomas, papillomas.
• Symptoms: Variable depending on the type.
• Diagnosis: Imaging, biopsy.
• Treatment: Surgical removal if necessary.

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

• Characteristics: Abnormal cells in the milk-producing glands.
• Symptoms: Usually no symptoms, often an incidental finding.
• Diagnosis: Biopsy.
• Treatment: Close monitoring, sometimes hormonal therapy.